ADI Free Test #5

As you approach traffic lights that have been on green for some time, anticipate that they'll soon change. Check your mirror so that you know what traffic is behind you and how far away it is. If the lights change to steady amber, you should stop behind the stop line. If you're so close to the stop line when the lights change that to stop may cause a collision, you should continue. You'll only know the risk from traffic behind if you use your mirrors as you approach the lights.

If you brake while travelling in a straight line, the inertia of the vehicle tries to keep it moving forward. This moves the weight of the vehicle forward and onto the front wheels. This extra load on the front tyres will press them more firmly into contact with the road, giving more tyre grip.

A driver flashing their headlights has the same meaning as sounding the horn - it's a warning of their presence.

An instructor needs to explain that taking effective observation means not only looking but assessing the situation and using sound judgement. These are skills that develop over time. To emerge safely, a learner driver may need a much larger gap in the traffic than an experienced driver.

Electric trams run on rails and can't steer to avoid you. Keep a lookout for trams in areas where they operate, as they move very quietly and you might not hear them approaching.

It's important that driving faults and errors are dealt with promptly. Learning will also be more effective if the pupil can spot their own errors and come up with their own strategies for ensuring the errors don't happen again. If the pupil doesn't recognise the fault, you'll need to tell them. Even then, the pupil can still work on developing strategies themselves.

The cost of insurance varies with your age. Usually, the younger you are, the more expensive it is - especially if you're under 25. Some post-test training schemes are recognised by insurance companies, and new drivers who complete this form of extra training may benefit from a reduced first premium.

These signs are directed at tram drivers. By knowing what they mean, you'll be able to anticipate the actions of the driver.

The maximum permitted speed for a car on a motorway is 70 mph, but if a car is towing a caravan or trailer, the speed limit is reduced to 60 mph. Also, vehicles towing trailers may not use the right-hand lane of a motorway that has more than two lanes.

Sometimes an insurance company will issue a temporary insurance certificate called a cover note. It gives you the same insurance cover as your certificate, but lasts for a limited period, usually one month.

It's illegal to use a hand-held mobile phone while driving. Using a hands-free system doesn't mean that you can hold a conversation and drive safely at the same time; it will still distract your attention from the road. Act responsibly and wait until you've parked before using your mobile phone.

If you want to turn left and there's a cyclist in front of you, hold back. Wait until the cyclist has passed the junction and then turn left behind them.

There are times when other drivers make incorrect or ill-judged decisions. Stay calm and don't retaliate or react aggressively. Always consider the safety of other road users, your passengers and yourself.

To design an effective programme of learning, it's important to understand what a pupil brings to the process. This will enable you to decide the level at which instruction can begin. It will also encourage the pupil to engage with the learning process if they're not forced to go over material they already know.

If visibility falls below 100 metres in fog, switching on your rear fog lights will help road users behind to see you. Don't forget to turn them off once visibility improves: they're very bright, so they might be mistaken for brake lights and they could dazzle other drivers.

Make sure you know what the different warning lights mean. An illuminated warning light could mean that your car is unsafe to drive. Don't take risks. If you're not sure about the problem, get a qualified mechanic to check it.

While the car is in motion, hazard warning lights are only allowed to be used if you're travelling on a motorway or unrestricted dual carriageway and you want to warn traffic behind of a hazard ahead. Only use them for a short period of time - just long enough to ensure that your warning has been seen.

Compulsory reduced speed limits are often in force throughout roadworks on the motorway. This safety measure is to protect drivers and workers in the road. Be aware of reduced speed limits and slow down in good time.

You must stop if there's a red cross with red lights flashing above every lane on the motorway. However, if the signs over any of the other lanes don't show this signal, you may move into one of those lanes and continue, if it's safe to do so.

Pedestrians walking on a road with no pavement are advised to walk facing oncoming traffic. With this knowledge, you can anticipate their presence and so give yourself time to react, if necessary, as you negotiate the bend.

All-round observation is essential throughout any manoeuvre. Drivers should use their mirrors and pay particular attention to the direction in which they're moving, to vulnerable road users, and to what might be happening in any blind spots.

If you want to turn left and there's a cyclist in front of you, hold back. Wait until the cyclist has passed the junction and then turn left behind them.

Careless or thoughtless parking can create problems for other people. For example, if the kerb has been lowered to enable wheelchair access, then keep it clear. Don't park on the pavement, as this may create danger for pedestrians, who will have to move into the road to pass your vehicle. Think about the effect your parking will have on others.

A driver who's been drinking alcohol should go home by public transport or taxi. Alcohol takes time to leave the body and someone might remain unfit to drive even the day after drinking it.

Obey any speed restriction in force and don't switch lanes or get too close to traffic in front of you. Be aware that there will be no permanent barrier between you and the oncoming traffic.

A long vehicle may have to straddle lanes on, or approaching, a roundabout. This is to prevent the rear wheels from going up onto the kerb. If you're following a long vehicle, stay well back and give it plenty of room.

Once identified, driving faults should be addressed at the earliest opportunity. A fault should be looked upon as a chance to teach the point and to encourage a change for the better in the pupil's driving.

To make it easy to recognise, the 'stop' sign is the only sign that's octagonal. The visibility from a junction where the 'stop' sign is used will be poor, even from the edge of the junction. You must stop and, if necessary, edge forward until you can see it's safe to drive out.

You need to understand how your headlights are designed to operate. The main beam is aimed far ahead and to the left, while the dipped beam is aimed a short distance ahead and to the left. On the road, this means that on left-hand bends your headlights are aimed directly at the approaching driver, so you need to dip early to avoid dazzling them. Similarly, if you stop on the offside at night, even your dipped beam will dazzle oncoming drivers, as it's now aimed directly at them; using parking lights will avoid any dazzle.